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Within the past year, the government has been exacting more control over the marketing of tobacco. Last year,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], President Barack Obama signed the Tobacco Control Act, which gave the FDA more power to regulate tobacco, especially where the youth of America and public health are concerned.
Over the next three years, the act will slowly enforce stricter rules for tobacco companies to follow. In addition, the FDA’s most recent proposal, part of the Tobacco Control Act,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], has been a magnet for controversy. According to the FDA website, the act requires that new, graphic labels be added to cigarette cartons and advertisements beginning in June 2011.
The proposed labels include warnings like “Smoking can kill you” and “Cigarettes cause cancer,” alongside images such as identification tags from morgues and diseased lungs. These new pictures will be required to take up a fifth of cigarette ads and half of cartons’ packaging. “Some very explicit, almost gruesome pictures may be necessary,” FDA Commissioner Margaret Hamburg said in an interview with Associated Press.
“This is a very, very serious public health issue,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], with very, very serious medical consequences.” The smoking-attributable YPLL rate for blacks also was 18% higher than for whites and differed most for men.
Black men had a YPLL rate 25% higher than white men, and the rate for black women was 15% higher than for white women. Similar to the SAM results, the YPLL rates for the three major disease categories showed that the YPLL rates for blacks were higher than for whites for malignant neoplasm and circulatory diseases but lower for respiratory diseases.
The YPLL rate resulting from smoking-related cancer deaths for blacks was 19% higher than for whites, but 26% higher for the SAM rate. For circulatory deaths,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the YPLL rate for blacks was 54% higher, similar to the disparity in the SAM rate (53%).
For respiratory diseases, the YPLL rate for blacks was 33% lower than for whites, and similarly, 32% lower for the SAM rate. For specific diseases, blacks had a 14% higher YPLL rate for lung cancer, 35% higher rate for ischemic heart disease, and 38% lower rate for chronic airway obstruction than whites. Secondhand smoke has been classified as a carcinogen in several countries and is known to cause lung cancer, heart disease and respiratory conditions.
But women and girls are sometimes forced to endure secondhand smoke because of cultural and social norms, the WHO said. “For example, in China,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], 97 per cent of smokers are men and more than half of all Chinese women of reproductive age are regularly exposed to second-hand smoke,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych],[link widoczny dla zalogowanych],[link widoczny dla zalogowanych],” it said.
A study in Shanghai of 72,000 non-smoking women found that exposure to their husbands’ habit increased their risks of dying from lung cancer, heart disease and stroke by up to 50 per cent.