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“Menthol cigarettes are marketed to the most vulnerable sectors of our society, particularly starting in the 1960s,” Gardiner says. “It’s essentially predatory marketing.” As a result, the health effects of menthols can be difficult to untangle from broader factors that influence smoking.
Although blacks tend to smoke less than whites, they “get lung cancer more often and die more often than non-African Americans,” says William Hicks, M.D., professor of clinical medicine at the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, in Columbus, co-author of a recent report on lung cancer in African Americans for the American Lung Association. Research suggests that blacks and other minorities have a harder time quitting menthol cigarettes than white smokers.
One study,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], published in 2009 in the journal Preventive Medicine, found that among nearly 8,000 current and former menthol smokers, blacks and Hispanics were 45 percent less likely to quit smoking than white smokers. It’s unclear what accounts for this disparity. It may be due to unidentified cultural and economic factors, or even physiological factors.
A nicotine byproduct known as cotinine “stays in the body twice as long in African Americans, and this may be a marker of greater addictiveness,” says Gardiner. The research has some weaknesses,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], however. As True pointed out at the FDA committee meeting, it is very difficult to separate out the effects of menthol from other cultural and racial factors that may influence smoking habits and dependence. would ship 36.3 billion cigarettes a year in the 21st century,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], 87 percent of which would be flavored with menthol.
But the little ingredient found naturally in mint oils poses a serious threat to his legacy: a $3.8 billion cigarette colossus that employs 1,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych],800 people in Greensboro. Lorillard Tobacco Co. makes more than 91 percent of its revenue from Newport menthol cigarettes. Lorillard has a distinctly different view based on its own research,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], presented in detail to the FDA and on [link widoczny dla zalogowanych] “The science is clear and compelling,” William R. True, senior vice president of research and development for Lorillard, writes on the site.
“The best available scientific evidence demonstrates that menthol cigarettes have the same health effects as nonmenthol cigarettes. Menthol neither causes people to smoke,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], nor deters them from quitting. A menthol cigarette is just another cigarette — and should be treated no differently. Menthol cigarettes simply give adult smokers a taste choice.” Further,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], according to True, “the evaluation of menthol provides an important opportunity for the FDA to follow sound science exclusively,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and not pay heed to political or anti-tobacco influences. Regulators have a responsibility to understand the facts about menthol as they consider this important decision.”