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In recent years, the U.K. government has banned most forms of tobacco advertising and sponsorship in print,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], on billboards and on the internet, introduced hard hitting pictorial warnings and raised the minimum age at which people could be sold tobacco was raised to 18 years from 16.
These moves have cut the prevalence of smoking in the U.K., particularly among young people, it said. Just 6% of 11-15 year olds now smoke, down from 11% in 1998. By 2020, the government plans to cut that rate below 1%. According to media reports, the U.K.’s health secretary Andy Burnham favors the plain packaging idea.
Whether he’s in any position to see the policy implemented is another matter. A general election is expected to be held in May and Burnham,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], together with the ruling Labour Party, is widely expected to be ousted from power. The Conservative Party–who are set to win the election if opinion polls are believed–have traditionally been much more friendly to the tobacco industry.
Most children in the US continue to be exposed to tobacco smoke, even with the growing knowledge of its damaging effects at low levels of exposure. It is vital to understand the contribution of all potential sources of exposure for children: parents smoking outside,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], daycare, visiting homes where smoking is allowed, and from connected dwellings. However,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], significant tobacco-smoke contamination in the air of nonsmoking units of multiunit housing already has been shown.
This study is the first to document through human biological sampling that disseminated tobacco smoke from multiunit apartments may contribute to the actual exposure of children. In addition, there are likely to be many adult nonsmokers who also are exposed to tobacco smoke by this mechanism. Biochemical data demonstrating the increased risk of involuntary tobacco-smoke exposure posed by living in apartments may change public opinion and policies about smoke-free multiunit housing for those who live in low-income housing,cheap marlboro red cigarettes supplier, and for those who live in apartments owned by private companies.
These results provide direct evidence for a background level of tobacco-smoke contamination in multiunit housing at levels associated with childhood morbidity. Ultimately, smoke-free multiunit housing could improve health status by reducing nonsmokers’ exposure to tobacco smoke in their own units.
The CDC analysis included identifying 1) whether smoking was allowed or prohibited in all indoor areas; 2) where smoking (if allowed) was permitted indoors,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], including the type and number of locations; 3) whether outdoor smoking areas were designated; 4) whether smoking was prohibited within a minimum distance of airport entrances; and 5) how smoking policies were communicated to aircraft passengers and airport workers and visitors (i.e.,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], written policies, signage, or announcements on the public address system).
Twenty-two (76%) of the 29 large-hub airports were smoke-free indoors in 2010, compared with 13 (42%) of 31 large-hub airports in 2002. Among the seven large-hub airports that allowed smoking indoors in 2010, three were ranked among the top five in passenger boardings: Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Dallas/Fort Worth International, and Denver International.