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Anti-smoking advocates in Egypt take comfort in the fact that graphic warnings are working in countries like Canada, China, Thailand, Brazil and others with heavy smoking populations. Certain images may offend people, but sometimes “a little vividness and reality-checking is necessary,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych],” said Dr. Geoffrey Fong, the principal investigator at the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Project.
Still, questions on the warning’s effectiveness in Egypt remain. A 2008 government report, issued just months after the release of the first graphic warning, found they were having no effect on tobacco sales. Hamdy El-Sayed worries that Egyptians offended at the limp butt image will continue smoking, covering or tearing off the label. Sales of cheap, cardboard covers with artistic designs spiked immediately following the launch of graphic warnings.
“That picture in a conservative society — I don’t think it was received very favorably,” he said. “I don’t think it will last long.” Small excise taxes on soda are already in place in Arkansas, Tennessee,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Virginia, Washington and West Virginia, and Chicago imposes a 3 percent retail tax on soft drinks. Soda taxes were proposed in at least 12 other states in 2009, though none were approved.
Mississippi is considering legislation that would tax the syrup used to sweeten soda; the mayor of Philadelphia is weighing a tax on soda and other sugar-sweetened drinks, and Gov. David Paterson of New York has indicated that he will recommend a penny-per-ounce tax on sugared beverages in his 2011 budget.
The penny-per-ounce tax,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], favored by Dr. Brownell and others,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych],[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], would produce a significant increase in retail costs: the 12-pack of Coke on sale for $2.99 would go for $4.43 and a 75-cent can would rise to 87 cents. These increases, Dr. Brownell estimates, would reduce the annual per capita consumption of soda by more than 11 gallons,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], to 38.5 gallons.
“And the revenue,” he says, “could be used to subsidize fruits and vegetables,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], fund obesity prevention programs for children and home economic classes in schools, and more.” * Decrease tobacco use by physicians and other health care providers: Many physicians and health care providers continue to use tobacco, with use reported to be as high as 50% or more in some countries *
Decrease targeting of women: The WHO has estimated that the prevalence of smoking among women worldwide will be 20% by 2025,marlboro cigarettes website, compared with the 12% of the world’s women who currently smoke. * Decrease exposure to secondhand smoke: Providing smoke-free environments has been proven to not only protect nonsmokers, but also encourage smokers to quit and focus greater attention on the need for tobacco control measures. * Decrease illicit trade and smuggling.