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Tobacco-smoke exposure causes illness in children,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], including asthma and respiratory infections, and has been associated with sudden infant death syndrome, metabolic syndrome, and otitis media. There is no safe level of exposure to tobacco smoke. Very low levels of tobaccosmoke exposure have been associated with attenuated endothelial function in children,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], as well as decreased scores on reading, math, and block-design tests of cognitive function.
Morbidity has been documented in those with the lowest levels of cotinine (0.015– 0.5 ng/ mL), and these children have greater rates of conduct disorder. Even brief exposure to ambient tobacco smoke can decrease lung function and cause persistent elevations in inflammatory cytokines. Parental smoking is the most common source of secondhand tobacco-smoke exposure for children.
Tobacco smoke can migrate through walls,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], ductwork, windows, and ventilation systems of multiunit dwellings and potentially affect residents in other units far removed from the smoking area. In addition to the dissemination of this secondhand smoke into other apartments,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], tobacco toxins may persist on and be absorbed from surfaces in the indoor environment well beyond the period of active smoking.
This Ą°thirdhand smokeĄą may re-emit deposited volatile compounds and particulate matter on indoor surfaces,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and particulate matter in dust may be resuspended into the air as respirable suspended particulate matter. In addition to inhalation, there are other potential exposure routes, such as ingestion, that are particularly likely in children.
LONDON – The European Union is proposing a full-scale ban on branded cigarettes,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], forcing tobacco companies across the continent to sell their products in generic, plain packaging. Under the new rules, packs would carry nothing more than a health warning and the name of the brand, both in a standardized format with a specified typeface. Since cigarette advertising was outlawed across Europe in 2003, packaging ĄŞ known as Ą°the silent salesmanĄą ĄŞ has been the only way for cigarette manufacturers to keep their brands in the spotlight.
Opponents of the move have until Dec. 15 to make their case heard, with a decision expected in February. Even if the EU decides in favor of plain packaging, it could take another five years before the law comes into effect ĄŞ especially if the tobacco companies carry out their threat to make a legal challenge against the ruling. Marlboro Lights are no more. From now on smokers will have to ask for /cigarettes/marlboro/marlboro-goldĄą>[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]. Corporations do not change iconic brands lightly. In this case cigarette manufacturer Altria Group (MO) had no choice.
The Food & Drug Administration, which as of last year regulates tobacco products, banned the use of the words Ą°mild,Ąą Ą°light,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych],Ąą or Ą°low tarĄą on packages effective on June 22. The agency says such cigarettes are just as harmful as regular ones. Before Altria made the switch, it used the old packs to tell smokers that while the look of,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the Ą°cigarette stays the same.Ąą That got the FDA’s attention.